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Chances are, it's only a corrupted FAT (File Allocation Table).
Don't try to write to the card in any manner, or you risk further corruption. You'll want to use a utility that's only reading from it (not trying to "fix" anything on it).
There are many utilities that can read files from corrupted media, as long as the card is not totally "dead".
Try Digital Image Recovery (it's free). You can download it using this link:
http://www.foto-erhardt.de/foto-forum/download.php?id=2
See if your card is being recognized under "My Computer". If so, make note of the drive letter for it and run the Digital Image Recovery Program.
You then select English as the languge (when it starts it will ask), andselectthe source drive letter your want it to read from (the drive letter for your card).
You then browse for a folder for it to copy recovered images to on your hard disk drive and press the start button (just leave everything else at the defaults).
It's simple to use.
Here is another product designed to recover images (not free, but they have a demo version you can try to see if it works).
http://www.datarescue.com/photorescue/
FAT corruption can occur for a variety of reasons, but the likely cause is an incomplete write operation to the media.
If your card is not showing up as a removable drive with a drive letter assigned under "My Computer", then you may have to try something else (let us know if you see it there or not and if the programs can find the files).
After you recover your images, I'd suggest formatting the memory card using the camera's menus (not via your PC).
Also, be careful how you are transferring your images. Sometimes, corrupted media occurs when users "Cut and Paste" from the media. This copies the image files, then deletes them. A delete is a write to the media, and can corrupt it if the write does not complete properly.
Depending on the device drivers, the operating system (XP, etc.) may be caching writes to external media (and this cache process can result in buffers not being flushed before you remove the camera or card reader if you don't use the "safely remove hardware" icon when it's not setup for "fast removal").
I'd suggest only using the camera menus to perform deletes (or any other write operation to the media).
Personally, I always format my media using a camera's menus before every use. This insures that I always start out with a fresh File Allocation Table, and that the memory card format is exactly how the camera expects it to be. Besides, formatting via the camera menus is usually faster than deleting the individual images anyway.